The Official Magazine of The Oceanography Society
Volume 34 | Number 4 | December 2021
SUPPLEMENT • Frontiers in Ocean Observing: Documenting Ecosystems, Understanding Environmental Changes, Forecasting Hazards
On the Cover: Developed by scientists at the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, the Sea Surface Scanner (S3) is a radio-controlled catamaran designed to detect biogenic and ubiquitous surface films called the sea surface microlayer (SML). The SML is typically less than 1 mm thick and controls air-sea interactions due to its unique biogeochemical properties relative to the underlying water. S3 uses a set of partially submerged glass disks that continuously rotate through the sea surface, skimming and wiping the SML from the disks. The principle of this collection technique was developed several decades ago. The continuous sample stream is diverted to a set of onboard flow-through sensors (e.g., temperature, conductivity, fluorescence, pH, pCO2) and to a bottle carousel triggered by a command from the pilot. S3 is capable of mapping the SML with high temporal and spatial resolution and collecting large amounts of samples for broader biogeochemical assessment of the SML. Since 2015, S3 has been deployed in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans, including in open leads near the North Pole, providing a unique large data set of biogeochemical features of the ocean‘s surface. Photo credit: Alex Ingle/Schmidt Ocean Institute
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PREFERRED CITATION
Kappel, E.S., S.K. Juniper, S. Seeyave, E. Smith, and M. Visbeck, eds. 2021. Frontiers in Ocean Observing: Documenting Ecosystems, Understanding Environmental Changes, Forecasting Hazards. A Supplement to Oceanography 34(4), 102 pp., https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Introduction to the Ocean Observing Supplement to Oceanography
By
Ellen S. Kappel,
S. Kim Juniper,
Sophie Seeyave,
Emily A. Smith, and
Martin Visbeck
TOPIC 1. THE OCEAN-CLIMATE NEXUS
The Technological, Scientific, and Sociological Revolution of Global Subsurface Ocean Observing
By
Dean Roemmich,
Lynne Talley,
Nathalie Zilberman,
Emily Osborne,
Kenneth S. Johnson,
Leticia Barbero,
Henry C. Bittig,
Nathan Briggs,
Andrea J. Fassbender,
Gregory C. Johnson,
Brian A. King,
Elaine McDonagh,
Sarah Purkey,
Stephen Riser,
Toshio Suga,
Yuichiro Takeshita,
Virginie Thierry, and
Susan Wijffels
Linking Oxygen and Carbon Uptake with the Meridional Overturning Circulation Using a Transport Mooring Array
By
Dariia Atamanchuk,
Jaime Palter,
Hilary Palevsky,
Isabela Le Bras,
Jannes Koelling, and
David Nicholson
Climate-Relevant Ocean Transport Measurements in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans
By
Barbara Berx,
Denis Volkov,
Johanna Baehr,
Molly O. Baringer,
Peter Brandt,
Kristin Burmeister,
Stuart Cunningham,
Marieke Femke de Jong,
Laura de Steur,
Shenfu Dong,
Eleanor Frajka-Williams,
Gustavo J. Goni,
N. Penny Holliday,
Rebecca Hummels,
Randi Ingvaldsen,
Kerstin Jochumsen,
William Johns,
Steingrimur Jónsson,
Johannes Karstensen,
Dagmar Kieke,
Richard Krishfield,
Matthias Lankhorst,
Karin Margetha H. Larsen,
Isabela Le Bras,
Craig M. Lee,
Feili Li,
Susan Lozier,
Andreas Macrander,
Gerard McCarthy,
Christian Mertens,
Ben Moat,
Martin Moritz,
Renellys Perez,
Igor Polyakov,
Andrey Proshutinsky,
Berit Rabe,
Monika Rhein,
Claudia Schmid,
Øystein Skagseth,
David A. Smeed,
Mary-Louise Timmermans,
Wilken-Jon von Appen,
Bill Williams,
Rebecca Woodgate, and
Igor Yashayaev
Coastal Monitoring in the Context of Climate Change: Time-Series Efforts in Lebanon and Argentina
By
Abed El Rahman Hassoun,
Rodrigo Hernández-Moresino,
Elena S. Barbieri,
Juan Cruz Carbajal,
Augusto Crespi-Abril,
Antonella De Cian,
Lucía Epherra,
Milad Fakhri,
Abeer Ghanem,
Houssein Jaber,
Marie-Thérèse Kassab,
Antonela Martelli,
Anthony Ouba,
Flavio Paparazzo,
Juan Pablo Pisoni,
Elie Tarek, and
Juan Gabriel Vázquez
Changes in Southern Ocean Biogeochemistry and the Potential Impact on pH-Sensitive Planktonic Organisms
By
Elizabeth H. Shadwick,
Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández,
Ruth S. Eriksen,
Peter Jansen,
Diana M. Davies,
Cathryn A. Wynn-Edwards,
Adrienne Sutton,
Christina Schallenberg,
Eric Shulz, and
Thomas W. Trull
Monitoring Boundary Currents Using Ocean Observing Infrastructure
By
Tamaryn Morris,
Daniel Rudnick,
Janet Sprintall,
Juliet Hermes,
Gustavo J. Goni,
Justine Parks,
Francis Bringas,
Emma Heslop, and
and the numerous contributors to the OCG-12 Boundary Current Workshop and OceanGliders BOON Project
Putting Training into Practice: An Alumni Network Global Monitoring Program
By
Lilian A. Krug,
Subrata Sarker,
A.N.M. Samiul Huda,
Adriana Gonzalez-Silvera,
Akinnigbagbe Edward,
Carla Berghoff,
Christian Naranjo,
Edem Mahu,
Jorge López-Calderón,
Luís Escudero,
Maria Tapia,
Mauricio A. Noernberg,
Mohamed Ahmed,
Nandini Menon, and
Stella Betancur-Turizo
TOPIC 2. ECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR DIVERSITY
Exploring New Technologies for Plankton Observations and Monitoring of Ocean Health
By
Pascal I. Hablützel,
Isabelle Rombouts,
Nick Dillen,
Rune Lagaisse,
Jonas Mortelmans,
Anouk Ollevier,
Michiel Perneel, and
Klaas Deneudt
New Technologies Aid Understanding of the Factors Affecting Adélie Penguin Foraging
By
Walker O. Smith Jr.,
David G. Ainley,
Karen J. Heywood, and
Grant Ballard
Image Data Give New Insight into Life on the Seafloor
By
Franzis Althaus,
Candice Untiedt, and
Kylie Maguire
Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory Monitors the Atmosphere to the Seafloor on Multidecadal Timescales
By
Andrew R. Gates,
Susan E. Hartman,
Jon Campbell,
Christopher Cardwell,
Jennifer M. Durden,
Anita Flohr,
Tammy Horton,
Steven Lankester,
Richard S. Lampitt,
Charlotte Miskin-Hymas,
Corinne Pebody,
Nick Rundle,
Amanda Serpell-Stevens, and
Brian J. Bett
The Evolution of Cyanobacteria Bloom Observation in the Baltic Sea
By
Lumi Haraguchi,
Sirpa Lehtinen,
Jenni Attila,
Hanna Alasalmi,
Matti Lindholm,
Kaisa Kraft,
Otso Velhonoja,
Katri Kuuppo,
Timo Tamminen, and
Jukka Seppälä
Ocean Observing in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre
By
Nicholas R. Bates and
Rodney J. Johnson
EcoFOCI: A Generation of Ecosystem Studies in Alaskan Waters
By
Heather M. Tabisola,
Janet T. Duffy-Anderson,
Calvin W. Mordy, and
Phyllis J. Stabeno
TOPIC 3. OCEAN RESOURCES AND THE ECONOMY UNDER CHANGING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Integrating Biology into Ocean Observing Infrastructure: Society Depends on It
By
Maurice Estes Jr.,
Frank Muller-Karger,
Kerstin Forsberg,
Margaret Leinen,
Suzan Kholeif,
Woody Turner,
Douglas Cripe,
Yana Gevorgyan,
Peer Fietzek,
Gabrielle Canonico,
Francisco Werner, and
Nicholas Bax
Observations of Industrial Shallow-Water Prawn Trawling in Kenya
By
Esther N. Fondo and
Johnstone O. Omukoto
Application of Remote Sensing and GIS to Identifying Marine Fisheries off the Coasts of Kenya and Tanzania
By
Damaris Mutia and
Innocent Sailale
Quantification of the Impact of Ocean Acidification on Marine Calcifiers
By
Katsunori Kimoto
Upwelling Variability Offshore of Dakhla, Southern Morocco
By
Ahmed Makaoui,
Younes Belabchir,
Ismail Bessa,
Abedelaziz Agouzouk,
Mohammed Idrissi,
Omar Ettahiri, and
Karim Hilmi
Valuing the Ocean Carbon Sink in Light of National Climate Action Plans
By
Johannes Karstensen,
Wilfried Rickels,
Pierre Testor, and
Maciej Telszewski
TOPIC 4. POLLUTANTS AND CONTAMINANTS AND THEIR POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOSYSTEMS
An Integrated Observing System for Monitoring Marine Debris and Biodiversity
By
Nikolai Maximenko,
Artur P. Palacz,
Lauren Biermann,
James Carlton,
Luca Centurioni,
Mary Crowley,
Jan Hafner,
Linsey Haram,
Rebecca R. Helm,
Verena Hormann,
Cathryn Murray,
Gregory Ruiz,
Andrey Shcherbina,
Justin Stopa,
Davida Streett,
Toste Tanhua,
Cynthia Wright, and
Chela Zabin
A Novel Experiment in the Baltic Sea Shows that Dispersed Oil Droplets Can Be Distinguished by Remote Sensing
By
Kamila Haule,
Włodzimierz Freda,
Henryk Toczek,
Karolina Borzycka,
Sławomir Sagan, and
Mirosław Darecki
Comparison of Two Soundscapes: An Opportunity to Assess the Dominance of Biophony Versus Anthropophony
By
Maria Paula Rey Baquero,
Clea Parcerisas,
Kerri D. Seger,
Christina Perazio,
Natalia Botero Acosta,
Felipe Mesa,
Andrea Luna-Acosta,
Dick Botteldooren, and
Elisabeth Debusschere
PacIOOS Water Quality Sensor Partnership Program
By
Shaun Wriston,
Gordon Walker,
Margaret Anne McManus,
Simon Ellis,
Fiona Langenberger, and
Melissa Iwamoto
An Integrated Observing Effort for Sargassum Monitoring and Warning in the Caribbean Sea, Tropical Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico1
By
Joaquin Triñanes,
Chuanmin Hu,
Nathan F. Putman,
Maria J. Olascoaga,
Francisco J. Beron-Vera,
Shuai Zhang, and
Gustavo J. Goni
TOPIC 5. MULTI-HAZARD WARNING SYSTEMS
Long-Term Ocean Observing Coupled with Community Engagement Improves Tsunami Early Warning
By
Danielle F. Sumy,
Sara K. McBride,
Christa von Hillebrandt-Andrade,
Monica D. Kohler,
John Orcutt,
Shuichi Kodaira,
Kate Moran,
Daniel McNamara,
Takane Hori,
Elizabeth Vanacore,
Benoît Pirenne, and
John Collins
Uncrewed Ocean Gliders and Saildrones Support Hurricane Forecasting and Research
By
Travis N. Miles,
Dongxiao Zhang,
Gregory R. Foltz,
Jun A. Zhang,
Christian Meinig,
Francis Bringas,
Joaquin Triñanes,
Matthieu Le Hénaff,
Maria F. Aristizabal Vargas,
Sam Coakley,
Catherine R. Edwards,
Donglai Gong,
Robert E. Todd,
Matthew J. Oliver,
W. Douglas Wilson,
Kerri Whilden,
Barbara Kirkpatrick,
Patricia Chardon-Maldonado,
Julio M. Morell,
Debra Hernandez,
Gerhard Kuska,
Cheyenne D. Stienbarger,
Kathleen Bailey,
Chidong Zhang,
Scott M. Glenn, and
Gustavo J. Goni
Tide Gauges: From Single Hazard to Multi-Hazard Warning Systems
By
Angela Hibbert,
Liz Bradshaw,
Jeff Pugh,
Simon Williams, and
Philip Woodworth
The California Harmful Algal Bloom Monitoring and Alert Program: A Success Story for Coordinated Ocean Observing
By
Raphael M. Kudela,
Clarissa Anderson, and
Henry Ruhl
Multi-Stressor Observations and Modeling to Build Understanding of and Resilience to the Coastal Impacts of Climate Change
By
Jan Newton,
Parker MacCready,
Samantha Siedlecki,
Dana Manalang,
John Mickett,
Simone Alin,
Ervin “Joe” Schumacker,
Jennifer Hagen,
Stephanie Moore,
Adrienne Sutton, and
Roxanne Carini
TECHNOLOGY
Technologies for Observing the Near Sea Surface
By
Mariana Ribas-Ribas,
Christopher J. Zappa, and
Oliver Wurl
Hyperspectral Radiometry on Biogeochemical-Argo Floats: A Bright Perspective for Phytoplankton Diversity
By
Emanuele Organelli,
Edouard Leymarie,
Oliver Zielinski,
Julia Uitz,
Fabrizio D’Ortenzio, and
Hervé Claustre
Visualizing Multi-Hectare Seafloor Habitats with BioCam
By
Blair Thornton,
Adrian Bodenmann,
Takaki Yamada,
David Stanley,
Miquel Massot-Campos,
Veerle Huvenne,
Jennifer Durden,
Brian Bett,
Henry Ruhl, and
Darryl Newborough
Emerging, Low-Cost Ocean Observing Technologies to Democratize Access to the Ocean
By
Jack Butler and
Camille M.L.S. Pagniello
Robotic Surveyors for Shallow Coastal Environments
By
Steven G. Ackleson
Special Issue Guest Editors
EDITOR
• Ellen S. Kappel, Geosciences Professional Services Inc.
GUEST EDITORS
• S. Kim Juniper, Ocean Networks Canada
• Sophie Seeyave, Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean
• Emily A. Smith, NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
• Martin Visbeck, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research
Sponsors
Support for this publication is provided by Ocean Networks Canada, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program, the Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean, and the US Arctic Research Commission.