IN PROGRESS
Welcome to the third Frontiers in Ocean Observing supplement to Oceanography. This publication is in progress and articles will be posted as they are available. Please check back for new articles.

ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION
The purpose of the three Frontiers in Ocean Observing supplements to Oceanography is to widely disseminate information about the many different ways in which scientists observe the ocean to improve our understanding and support the sustainable management of the sea and its resources. Through the short articles, we wish to make ocean observing technologies, fieldwork, scientific results, and their societal relevance accessible to a broad audience and inspire new collaborations. We hope that you enjoy this third and final supplement in the series and share it widely. 

PREFERRED CITATION
Kappel, E.S., V. Cullen, G. Coward, I.C.A. da Silveira, C. Edwards, P. Heimbach, T. Morris, H. Pillar, M. Roughan, and J. Wilkin, eds. 2025. Frontiers in Ocean Observing: Marine Protected Areas, Western Boundary Currents, and the Deep Sea. Oceanography 38(Supplement 1), https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2025.s1.

DOI
https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2025.s1

MODEL-BASED DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF OBSERVING NETWORKS

Model-Based Observing System Evaluation in a Western Boundary Current: Observation Impact from the Coherent Jet to the Eddy Field
By Colette Kerry, Moninya Roughan, Shane Keating, and David Gwyther

THE USE OF AUTONOMOUS TOOLS FOR ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING OF MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

Glider Surveillance for Near-Real-Time Detection and Spatial Management of North Atlantic Right Whales
By Katherine L. Indeck, Mark F. Baumgartner, Laurence Lecavalier, Frederick Whoriskey, Delphine Durette-Morin, Neal R. Pettigrew, Jacqueline M. McSweeney, Lesley H. Thorne, Katherine L. Gallagher, Catherine R. Edwards, Erin Meyer-Gutbrod, and Kimberley T.A. Davies

Observing Marine Heatwaves Using Ocean Gliders to Address Ecosystem Challenges Through a Coordinated National Program
By Jessica A. Benthuysen, Charitha Pattiaratchi, Claire M. Spillman, Pallavi Govekar, Helen Beggs, Hugo Bastos de Oliveira, Arani Chandrapavan, Ming Feng, Alistair J. Hobday, Neil J. Holbrook, Fabrice R.A. Jaine, and Amandine Schaeffer

Monitoring Ocean Biology and Natural Resources Autonomously and Efficiently Using Underwater Gliders
By Heather Broadbent, Alex Silverman, Randy Russell, Garrett Miller, Sean Beckwith, Edmund Hughes, and Chad Lembke

The Western Channel Observatory Automated Plankton Imaging and Classification System
By James R. Clark, Elaine S. Fileman, James Fishwick, Saskia Rühl, and Claire E. Widdicombe

Ocean Gliders for Planning and Monitoring Remote Canadian Pacific Marine Protected Areas
By Tetjana Ross, Hayley V. Dosser, Jody M. Klymak, Wiley Evans, Alex Hare, Jennifer M. Jackson, and Stephanie Waterman

Optical Sediment Trap for In Situ Monitoring of Sinking Marine Particles
By Kirby Simon, Wayne Slade, Margaret Estapa, Ole Mikkelsen, and Chuck Pottsmith

Building Ocean Biodiversity Monitoring Capacity: Tracking Marine Animals with Acoustic Telemetry and the Role of the Ocean Tracking Network
By Frederick G. Whoriskey

WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENTS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON SHELF SEAS

Monitoring Impacts of the Gulf Stream and its Rings on the Physics, Chemistry, and Biology of the Middle Atlantic Bight Shelf and Slope from CMV Oleander
By Magdalena Andres, Thomas Rossby, Eric Firing, Charles Flagg, Nicholas R. Bates, Julia Hummon, Denis Pierrot, Timothy J. Noyes, Matthew P. Enright, Jeffery K. O’Brien, Rebecca Hudak, Shenfu Dong, D. Christopher Melrose, David G. Johns, and Lance Gregory

Twenty Years Monitoring the Brazil Current along the NOAA AX97 High-Density XBT Transect
By Tayanne P. Ferreira, Paula Marangoni G.M.P., Mauro Cirano, Afonso M. Paiva, Samantha B.O. Cruz, Pedro P. Freitas, Marlos Goes, and Maurício M. Mata

Fishing for Ocean Data in the East Australian Current
By Véronique Lago, Moninya Roughan, Colette Kerry, and Ian Knuckey

Coordinated Observing and Modeling of the West Florida Shelf with Harmful Algal Bloom Application
By Robert H. Weisberg and Yonggang Liu

TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR AN ACCESSIBLE DEEP OCEAN

The Potential of Low-Tech Tools and Artificial Intelligence for Monitoring Blue Carbon in Greenland’s Deep Sea
By Narissa Bax, John Halpin, Stephen Long, Chris Yesson, Joseph Marlow, and Nadescha Zwerschke

Videomodule Towed System: Acquisition and Analysis of Video Imaging Data for Benthic Surveys
By Ivan Anisimov, Andrey Lesin, Valeriya Muravya, Anna Zalota, and Maxim Zalota

Model-Based Design and Evaluation of Observing Networks
• Helen Pillar, University of Texas at Austin
• Patrick Heimbach, University of Texas at Austin
• John Wilkin, Rutgers University

The Use of Autonomous Tools for Ecosystem Management and Monitoring of Marine Protected Areas
• Catherine Edwards, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia
• Georgia Coward, Center for Ocean Leadership, UCAR

Western Boundary Currents and Their Impacts on Shelf Seas
• Moninya Roughan, UNSW Sydney, Australia
• Tammy Morris, SAEON, South Africa
• Ilson Carlos A. da Silveira, University of São Paulo, Brazil

Technological Solutions for an Accessible Deep Ocean
• N/A

Support for this publication is provided by Ocean Networks Canada, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program, and the Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean.