The goal of the ICEFISH 2004 cruise, which was conducted on board RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer and traversed the transitional zones linking the South Atlantic to the Southern Ocean, was to compare the evolution, ecology, adaptational biology, community structure, and population dynamics of Antarctic notothenioid fishes relative to the cool/temperate notothenioids of the sub-Antarctic. To place this work in a comprehensive ecological context, cruise participants surveyed the benthos and geology of the biogeographic provinces and island shelves on either side of the Antarctic Polar Front (or Antarctic Convergence). Genome-enabled comparison of the responses of cold-living and temperate notothenioids to heat stress confirmed the sensitivity of the former to a warming Southern Ocean. Successful implementation of the international and interdisciplinary ICEFISH research cruise provides a model for future exploration of the sub-Antarctic sectors of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Detrich, H.W. III, B.A. Buckley, D.F. Doolittle, C.D. Jones, and S.J. Lockhart. 2012. Sub-Antarctic and high Antarctic notothenioid fishes: Ecology and adaptational biology revealed by the ICEFISH 2004 cruise of RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer. Oceanography 25(3):184–187, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2012.93.

Andriashev, A.P. 1965. A general review of the Antarctic fish fauna. Pp. 491–550 in Monographs in Biology, Biogeography and Ecology in Antarctica. P. van Oye and J. van Mieghem, eds, Junk Publishers, The Hague, Netherlands.

Arntz, W.E., S. Thatje, D. Gerdes, J.-M. Gili, J. Gutt, U. Jacob, A. Montiel, C. Orejas, and N. Teixidó. 2005. The Antarctic-Magellan connection: Macrobenthos ecology on the shelf and upper slope, a progress report. Scientia Marina 69(Suppl 2):237–269.

Buckley, B.A., and G.N. Somero. 2009. cDNA microarray analysis reveals the capacity of the cold-adapted Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii to alter gene expression in response to heat stress. Polar Biology 32:403–415, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0533-x.

Detrich, H.W., C.D. Jones, S. Kim, A.W. North, A. Thurber, and M Vacchi. 2005. Nesting behavior of the icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus at Bouvetøya Island, Southern Ocean. Polar Biology 28:828–832, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-005-0010-8.

DeWitt, H.H. 1971. Coastal and deep-water benthic fishes of the Antarctic. Pp. 1–10 in Antarctic Map Folio Series, Folio 15. V.C. Bushnell, ed. American Geographical Society, NY.

Doolittle, D.F., W.K.W. Li, and A.M. Wood. 2008. Wintertime abundance of picophytoplankton in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft 133:147–160.

Eastman, J.T. 2000. Antarctic notothenioid fishes as subjects for research in evolutionary biology. Antarctic Science 12:276–287, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102000000341.

Gon, O., and P.C. Heemstra, eds. 1990. Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa, 462 pp.

Hofmann, G.E., S.G. Lund, S.P. Place, and A.C. Whitmer. 2005. Some like it hot, some like it cold: The heat shock response is found in New Zealand but not Antarctic notothenioid fishes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 316:79–89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2004.10.007.

Hureau, J.C., J. Louis, A. Tomo, and C. Ozouf. 1980. Application de l’analyse canonique discriminante a la revision du genre Harpagifer (Teleosteen, Nototheniiformes). Vie Millieu 1978/79, ser AB 28–29(2):287–306.

Iwamoto, T. 1990. Macrouridae. Pp. 192–206 in Fishes of the Southern Ocean. O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra, eds, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa.

Jones, C.D., M.E. Anderson, A.V. Balushkin, G. Duhamel, R.R. Eakin, J.T. Eastman, K.L. Kuhn, G. Lecointre, T.J. Near, A.W. North, and others. 2008. Diversity, relative abundance, new locality records and population structure of Antarctic demersal fishes from the northern Scotia Arc islands and Bouvetøya. Polar Biology 31(12):1,481–1,497, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0489-x.

Jones, C.D., and S.J. Lockhart. 2011. Detecting vulnerable marine ecosystems in the southern ocean using research trawls and underwater imagery. Marine Policy 35:732–736, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2011.02.004.

Lockhart, S.J., and C.D. Jones. 2008. Biogeographic patterns of benthic invertebrate megafauna on shelf areas within the Southern Ocean Atlantic sector. CCAMLR Science 15:167–192.

Near, T.J., S.K. Parker, and H.W. Detrich III. 2006. A genomic fossil reveals key steps in hemoglobin loss by the Antarctic icefishes. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23:2,008–2,016, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msl071.

Ruud, J.T. 1954. Vertebrates without erythrocytes and blood pigment. Nature 173:848–850, https://doi.org/10.1038/173848a0.

This is an open access article made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format as long as users cite the materials appropriately, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate the changes that were made to the original content. Images, animations, videos, or other third-party material used in articles are included in the Creative Commons license unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If the material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission directly from the license holder to reproduce the material.