The ocean surface provides pathways for shipping and fishing activities and is the reference level marine scientists use when measuring ocean interior properties. Its intersection with land forms coastal environments important for marine ecosystems, coral reefs, coastal fisheries, and many of our recreational activities. We are all familiar with the ocean’s surface but, in general, take its existence for granted, pay little attention to its spatial and temporal variability, and are unfamiliar with its importance.

Church, J.A. 2015. Review of Sea-Level Science: Understanding Tides, Surges, Tsunamis and Mean Sea-Level Changes, by D. Pugh and P. Woodworth. Oceanography 28(1):177–178, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2015.24.

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