For many marine fish and invertebrate species, near-surface currents strongly affect the likelihood of surviving as a planktonic larva and arriving at a suitable location, say, a rocky coastline, a kelp forest, or an estuary, to begin life as a juvenile or adult (i.e., to “recruit” to a population). High-frequency (HF) radar is a recent addition to ecologists’ remote sensing toolbox that offers the ability to observe oceanographic processes directly affecting larval ecology at scales appropriate for understanding recruitment dynamics in marine populations.

Bjorkstedt, E., and J. Roughgarden. 1997. Larval transport and coastal upwelling: An application of HF radar in ecological research. Oceanography 10(2):64–67, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.1997.25.

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