First Paragraph
For many marine fish and invertebrate species, near-surface currents strongly affect the likelihood of surviving as a planktonic larva and arriving at a suitable location, say, a rocky coastline, a kelp forest, or an estuary, to begin life as a juvenile or adult (i.e., to “recruit” to a population). High-frequency (HF) radar is a recent addition to ecologists’ remote sensing toolbox that offers the ability to observe oceanographic processes directly affecting larval ecology at scales appropriate for understanding recruitment dynamics in marine populations.