Alison, I., N.L. Bindoff, R.A. Bindoff, R.A. Bindschadler, P.M. Cox, N. de Noblet, M.H. England, J.E. Francis, N. Gruber, A.M. Haywood, and others. 2009. The Copenhagen Diagnosis, 2009: Updating the World on the Latest Climate Science. University of New South Wales Climate Change Research Centre (CCRC), Sydney, Australia, 60 pp. Available online at: http://www.copenhagendiagnosis.org/ (accessed December 29, 2009).
Allen, M.R., D.J. Frame, C. Huntingford, C.D. Jones, J.A. Lowe, M. Meinshausen, and N. Meinshausen. 2009. Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne. Nature 458:1,163–1,166, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08019.
Blanchon, P., A. Eisenhauer, J. Fietzke, and V. Liebetrau. 2009. Rapid sea-level rise and reef back-stepping at the close of the last interglacial highstand. Nature 458:881–885, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07933.
Charney, J.G., A. Arakawa, D.J. Baker, B. Bolin, R.E. Dickinson, R.M. Goody, C.E. Leith, H.M. Stommel, and C.I. Wunsch. 1979. Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment. Report of an Ad Hoc Study Group on Carbon Dioxide and Climate, National Academy of Sciences, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 22 pp. Available online at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12181&page=R1 (accessed December 29, 2009).
Chen, J.L., C.R. Wilson, and B.D. Tapley. 2006. Satellite gravity measurements confirm accelerated melting of Greenland ice sheet. Science 313:1,958–1,960, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1129007.
den Elzen, M.G.J., and D.P. van Vuuren. 2007. Peaking profiles for achieving long-term temperature targets with more likelihood at lower costs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104:17,931–17,936.
Doney, S.C., V.J. Fabry, R.A. Feely, and J.A. Kleypas. 2009. Ocean acidification: The other CO2 problem. Annual Review of Marine Science 1:169–192.
European Commission. 2005. Council of the European Union. Presidency Conclusions–Brussels, 22 and 23 March 2005, 38 pp. Available online at: http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/05/st07/st07619-re01.en05.pdf (accessed December 29, 2009).
Galiana, I., and C. Green. 2009. Let the global technology race begin. Nature 462:570–571, https://doi.org/10.1038/462570a.
Greene, C.H., A.J. Pershing, T.M. Cronin, and N. Cecci. 2008. Arctic climate change and its impacts on the ecology of the North Atlantic. Ecology 89(11):S24–S38.
Hansen, J., L. Nazarenko, R. Ruedy, M. Sato, J. Willis, A. Del Genio, D. Koch, A. Lacis, K. Lo, S. Menon, and others. 2005. Earth’s energy imbalance: Confirmation and implications. Science 308:1,431–1,435, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1110252.
Hansen, J., M. Sato, P. Kharecha, D. Beerling, V. Masson-Delmotte, M. Pagani, M. Raymo, D.L. Royer, and J.C. Zachos. 2008. Target atmospheric CO2: Where should humanity aim? Open Atmospheric Science Journal 2:217–231, https://doi.org/10.2174/1874282300802010217. Available online at: http://arxiv.org/abs/0804.1126 (accessed December 29, 2009).
Howat, I.M., I. Joughin, and T.A. Scambos. 2007. Rapid changes in ice discharge from Greenland outlet glaciers. Science 315:1,559–1,561, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1138478.
IPCC. 2007a. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. Averyt, M.M.B. Tignor, and H.L. Miller, eds, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp. Available online at: http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-wg1.htm (accessed December 29, 2009).
IPCC. 2007b. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. M. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden, and C.E. Hanson, eds, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 976 pp. Available online at: http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-wg2.htm (accessed December 29, 2009).
IPCC. 2007c. Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change: Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. B. Metz, O.R. Davidson, P.R. Bosch, R. Dave, and L.A. Meyer, eds, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and New York, NY, USA, 851 pp. Available online at: http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-wg3.htm (accessed December 29, 2009).
Jones, N. 2009. Climate crunch: Sucking it up. Nature 458:1,094–1,097, https://doi.org/10.1038/4581094a.
Keith, D.W. 2009. Why capture CO2 from the atmosphere? Science 325:1,654–1,655, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1175680.
Kramer, G.J., and M. Haigh. 2009. Let the global technology race begin. Nature 462:570–571, https://doi.org/10.1038/462570a.
Lenton, T.M., H. Held, E. Kriegler, J.W. Hall, W. Lucht, S. Rahmstorf, and H.J. Schellnhuber. 2007. Tipping elements in the Earth’s climate system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:1,786–1,793, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705414105.
Meinshausan, M., N. Meinshausen, W. Hare, S.C.B. Raper, K. Frieler, R. Knutti, D.J. Frame, and M.R. Allen. 2009. Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2°C. Nature 458:1,158–1,162, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08017.
Monastersky, R. 2009. Climate crunch: A burden beyond bearing. Nature 458:1,091–1,094, https://doi.org/10.1038/4581091a.
Morton, O. 2009. Climate crunch: Great white hope. Nature 458:1,097–1,100, https://doi.org/10.1038/ 4581097a.
Oppenheimer, M., B.C. O’Neill, M. Webster, and S. Agrawala. 2007. The limits of consensus. Science 317:1,505–1,506, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1144831.
Parry, M., J. Lowe, and C. Hanson. 2009. Overshoot, adapt and recover. Nature 458:1,102–1,103, https://doi.org/10.1038/4581102a.
Ramanathan, V., and Y. Feng. 2008. On avoiding dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system: Formidable challenges ahead. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:14,245–14,250, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0803838105. Available online at: http://www.pnas.org/content/105/38/14245.full.pdf+html (accessed December 29, 2009).
Raupach, M.R., G. Marland, P. Ciais, C. Le Quéré, J.G. Canadell, G. Klepper, and C.B. Field. 2007. Global and regional drivers of accelerating CO2 emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104:10,288–10,293, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0700609104. Available online at: http://www.pnas.org/content/104/24/10288.full.pdf+html (accessed December 29, 2009).
Rignot, E., and S.S. Jacobs. 2002. Rapid bottom melting widespread near Antarctic ice sheet grounding lines. Science 296:2,020–2,023.
Royal Society. 2009. Geoengineering the Climate: Science, Governance and Uncertainty. The Royal Society, London, 81 pp. Available online at: http://royalsociety.org/geoengineeringclimate/ (accessed December 29, 2009).
Schneider, S.H. 2001. What is dangerous climate change? Nature 411:17–19.
Schneider, S.H. 2008. Geoengineering: Could we or should we make it work? Philosphical Transactions of the Royal Society A 366:3,843–3,862.
Schneider, S.H., and J. Lane. 2005. Dangers and thresholds in climate change and the implications for justice. Pp. 23–51 in Justice in Adaptation to Climate Change. N. Adger, J. Paavola, S. Huq, and M.J. Mace, eds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Serreze, M.C., M.M. Holland, and J. Stroeve. 2007. Perspectives on the Arctic’s shrinking sea ice cover. Science 315:1,533–1,536, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1139426.
Sokolov, A.P., P.H. Stone, C.E. Forest, R. Prinn, M.C. Sarofim, M. Webster, S. Paltsev, and C.A. Schlosser, D. Kicklighter, S. Dutkiewicz, and others. 2009. Probabilistic forecast for 21st century climate based on uncertainties in emissions (without policy) and climate parameters. Journal of Climate 22:5,175–5,204.
Solomon, S., G.-K. Platner, R. Knuttl, and P. Friedlingstein. 2009. Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:1,704–1,709, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812721106. Available online at: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/01/28/0812721106.full.pdf+html (accessed December 29, 2009).
Strong, A.L., J.J. Cullen, and S.W. Chisholm. 2009. Ocean fertilization: Science, policy, and commerce. Oceanography 22(3):236–261. Available online at: http://tos.org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/22_3.html (accessed December 29, 2009).
UNFCCC. 1992. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Article 2. Available online at: unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf (accessed January 10, 2010).
van Vuuren, D.P., M.G.J. den Elzen, P.L. Lucas, B. Eickhout, B.J. Strengers, B. van Ruijven, S. Wonink, and R. van Houdt. 2007. Stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at low levels: An assessment of reduction strategies and costs. Climate Change 81:119–159.
Wang, M., and J.E. Overland. 2009. A sea ice free summer Arctic within 30 years? Geophysical Research Letters 36, L07502, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL037820.
Weaver, A.J., and C. Hillaire-Marcel. 2004. Global warming and the next ice age. Science 304:400–402.