Scripps Institution of Oceanography shares its centennial year with innovators who changed the twentieth century and our ability to navigate it; the founding of the Ford Motor Company and the first flight of the Wright brothers in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, also occurred in 1903. Automobiles and airplanes have dramatically evolved over 100 years, and Scripps science is much different today than it was in the summer of 1903, when William E. Ritter and a handful of his students began studying marine life in San Diego Bay.

Kennel, C.F. 2003. Where we are now, where we are going: Scripps science in two centuries. Oceanography 16(3):8–10, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2003.23.

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